TOEFL이란?

playlist_add_check TOEFL이란?

TOEFL(Test of English as a Foreign Language)은 영어를 모국어로 사용하지 않는 사람을 대상으로 대학 환경에서 말하고, 쓰고, 듣게 되는 영어의 이해력과 사용 능력을 측정하는 시험입니다.

playlist_add_check iBT, CBT, PBT는 무엇인가?

iBT, CBT, PBT는 토플 시험의 방식을 말하는 것입니다. 토플은 시험을 치르는 지역에 따라 시험 방식이 다르며 우리 나라의 경우 2006년 6월까지 CBT 토플로 시험을 시행했으이며, 2006년 6월부터 iBT 토플이 잠시 병행되었다가 CBT 토플이 종료되면서 완전히 iBT 토플로 전환되었습니다. 또한 2023년 7월부터 기존 iBT 문제구성을 수정하여 새로운 개정판 iBT 시험이 실시되고 있습니다.

bookmark_added iBT 토플
(internet Based Test)

iBT 토플은 가장 최근에 시행되고 있는 토플 시험으로 컴퓨터로 시험을 치르며 다음 네가지 언어기술을 종합적으로 테스트 합니다. 만점은 120점입니다.

check_indeterminate_small Listening
check_indeterminate_small Reading
check_indeterminate_small Speaking
check_indeterminate_small Writing

bookmark_added CBT 토플
(Computer Based Test)

CBT는 컴퓨터로 보는 시험 방식이며 만점은 300점입니다. CBT 토플은 다음의 내용을 측정합니다.

check_indeterminate_small Listening
check_indeterminate_small Structure
check_indeterminate_small Reading
check_indeterminate_small Writing

bookmark_added PBT 토플
(Paper Based Test)

종이시험지로 보는 토플 시험을 말합니다. 현재도 CBT나 iBT 지역이 아닌 곳에서는 일년에 6차례에 걸쳐 PBT 토플 시험을 치르고 있습니다. PBT 시험의 만점은 677점이며 다음의 내용을 측정합니다.

check_indeterminate_small Listening Comprehension
check_indeterminate_small Structure and Written Expression
check_indeterminate_small Reading Comprehension

playlist_add_check TOEFL은 누가 보는가?

영어를 사용하는 대학교에 입학허가를 받기 위한 학생들이 대부분 토플을 공부합니다. 국내에서도 대학진학, 특목고 진학 등의 목적으로 토플을 선호합니다. 또한 국가고시, 자격증 등을 위해서도 토플을 공부합니다.

playlist_add_check iBT 토플의 형식

iBT 토플은 Speaking을 포함하여 네가지 언어 기술을 모두 측정하고 이들의 통합적인 구사 능력을 강조합니다. 테스트에서 사용되는 언어와 내용은 실제 대학 환경에서 사용되는 것과 동일합니다.

playlist_add_check 토플의 4섹션

섹션	내용
Reading Section	2개 리딩 지문 각 지문당 10개 문항 36분
Listening Section	3개 강의, 강의당 6문항 2개 대화, 대화당 5개 문항 36분
Speaking Section	4개 문항 - 1개의 독립형 문항 - 3개의 통합형 문항 17분
Writing Section	2개 문항 - 1개의 통합형 문항 - 1개의 토론형 문항 30분

playlist_add_check iBT 토플의 특징

check_indeterminate_small iBT 토플은 Speaking 섹션이 있고 독립형과 통합형 유형으로 총 4과제로 구성되어 있습니다.

playlist_add_check 토플 점수표

Section	점수
Reading	0-30
Listening	0-30
Speaking	0-30
Writing	0-30
종합점수	0-120

playlist_add_check Speaking Section 점수

pages Speaking 섹션은 4개의 과제 각각 0-4 등급으로 평가되어 0-30 점으로 전환됩니다.

pages Speaking 점수 기준표

Independent Speaking Rubrics
점수	Delivery Language	Use Topic	Development
4	well-paced flow	effective use	sufficient
3	generally clear	fairly use	mostly
2	listener effort	limited use	connected
1	considerable listener effort	severely limit	limited
0	no attempt or unrelated

Integrated Speaking Rubrics
점수	Delivery Language	Use Topic	Development
4	well-paced flow	effective use	clear progression
3	generally clear	fairly use	relevant
2	listener effort	limited use	some relevant
1	considerable listener effort	severely limit	inaccurate
0	no attempt or unrelated

playlist_add_check Writing Section 점수

pages Writing 섹션은 2개의 과제 각각 0-5 등급으로 평가되어 0-30 점으로 전환됩니다.

pages Writing 점수 기준표

Integrated Writing Rubric
SCORE	DESCRIPTION
5	A response at this level successfully selects the important information from the lecture and coherently and accurately presents this information in relation to the relevant information presented in the reading. The response is well organized, and occasional language errors that are present do not result in inaccurate or imprecise presentation of content or connections.
4	A response at this level is generally good in selecting the important information from the lecture and in coherently and accurately presenting this information in relation to the relevant information in the reading, but it may have minor omission, inaccuracy, vagueness, or imprecision of some content from the lecture or in connection to points made in the reading. A response is also scored at this level if it has more frequent or noticeable minor language errors, as long as such usage and grammatical structures do not result in anything more than an occasional lapse of clarity or in the connection of ideas.
3	A response at this level contains some important information from the lecture and conveys some relevant connection to the reading, but it is marked by one or more of the following: Although the overall response is definitely oriented to the task, it conveys only vague, global, unclear, or somewhat imprecise connection of the points made in the lecture to points made in the reading. The response may omit one major key point made in the lecture. Some key points made in the lecture or the reading, or connections between the two, may be incomplete, inaccurate, or imprecise. Errors of usage and/or grammar may be more frequent or may result in noticeably vague expressions or obscured meanings in conveying ideas and connections.
2	A response at this level contains some relevant information from the lecture, but is marked by significant language difficulties or by significant omission or inaccuracy of important ideas from the lecture or in the connections between the lecture and the reading; a response at this level is marked by one or more of the following: The response significantly misrepresents or completely omits the overall connection between the lecture and the reading. The response significantly omits or significantly misrepresents important points made in the lecture. The response contains language errors or expressions that largely obscure connections or meaning at key junctures or that would likely obscure understanding of key ideas for a reader not already familiar with the reading and the lecture.
1	A response at this level is marked by one or more of the following: The response provides little or no meaningful or relevant coherent content from the lecture. The language level of the response is so low that it is difficult to derive meaning.
0	A response at this level merely copies sentences from the reading, rejects the topic or is otherwise not connected to the topic, is written in a foreign language, consists of keystroke characters, or is blank.

Academic Discussion Rubric
SCORE	DESCRIPTION
5	A fully successful response The response is a relevant and very clearly expressed contribution to the online discussion, and it demonstrates consistent facility in the use of language. A typical response displays the following: Relevant and well-elaborated explanations, exemplifications, and/or details Effective use of a variety of syntactic structures and precise, idiomatic word choice Almost no lexical or grammatical errors other than those expected from a competent writer writing under timed conditions (e.g., common typos or common misspellings or substitutions like there/their)
4	A generally successful response The response is a relevant contribution to the online discussion, and facility in the use of language allows the writer’s ideas to be easily understood. A typical response displays the following: Relevant and adequately elaborated explanations, exemplifications, and/or details A variety of syntactic structures and appropriate word choice Few lexical or grammatical errors
3	A partially successful response The response is a mostly relevant and mostly understandable contribution to the online discussion, and there is some facility in the use of language. A typical response displays the following: Elaboration in which part of an explanation, example, or detail may be missing, unclear, or irrelevant Some variety in syntactic structures and a range of vocabulary Some noticeable lexical and grammatical errors in sentence structure, word form, or use of idiomatic language
2	A mostly unsuccessful response The response reflects an attempt to contribute to the online discussion, but limitations in the use of language may make ideas hard to follow. A typical response displays the following: Ideas that may be poorly elaborated or only partially relevant A limited range of syntactic structures and vocabulary An accumulation of errors in sentence structure, word forms, or use
1	An unsuccessful response The response reflects an ineffective attempt to contribute to the online discussion, and limitations in the use of language may prevent the expression of ideas. A typical response may display the following: Words and phrases that indicate an attempt to address the task but with few or no coherent ideas Severely limited range of syntactic structures and vocabulary Serious and frequent errors in the use of language Minimal original language; any coherent language is mostly borrowed from the stimulus
0	The response is blank, rejects the topic, is not in English, is entirely copied from the prompt, is entirely unconnected to the prompt, or consists of arbitrary keystrokes.

Integrated Writing Rubrics
점수	select	connection	key point	grammar
5	successfully	coherently	wellorganized	occasional errors
4	generally good	minor omission	minor omission	minor omissions
3	somewhat	imprecise	incomplete	more frequent errors
2	limited	misrepresent	significantly omit	obscure errors
1		no meaningful	no meaningful	serious errors
0	not connected to the topic

Academic Discussion Rubrics
점수	address	organization	unity	word	sentence
5	effectively	well	unity	consistent	consistent
4	well	generally	redundancy	minor errors	minor errors
3	somewhat	somewhat	obscured	inconsistent	inconsistent
2	limited	inadequate	inappropriate	inappropriate	inappropriate
1		disorganization	no detail	serious errors	serious errors
0	no attempt or unrelated

playlist_add_check iBT, CBT, PBT 비교

구분		iBT	CBT	PBT
평가영역		Listening Speaking Reading Writing	Listening Structure Reading Writing	Listening Structure Reading Writing(선택)
응시시간		약 2시간	약 3.5시간	약 3시간
통합문제		있음	없음	없음
Note-taking		가능	불가	불가
Computer Tutorials		없음	있음
Reading	지문	지문수 : 2개 약 700자 지문당 10문제	지문수 : 4-5개 약 250-350자 지문당 11문제	지문수 5개 약 250-350자 지문당 10문제
Reading	시간	36분	70-90분	55분
Listening	지문	- Conversations : 2개 : 3분길이 : 각 5문제 - Lectures : 3개 : 3-5분 길이 : 각 6문제	- Short Convers. : 11-17개 - Casual Convers. : 2-3개 : 1분 길이 : 각 2-3문제 - Lectures : 4-6개 : 2분 길이 : 각 3-6문제	- Dialogues : 30-40개 - Extended Convers. : 2-3개 : 60-90초 길이 : 각 3-5문제 - Mini talks : 3-4개 : 60-90초 길이 : 각 3-5문제
Listening	시간	36분	40-60분	30-40분
Speaking	문항수	4개 과제 : 독립형 1문제 : 통합형 3문제	없음	없음
Speaking	시간	17분
Writing	문항수	- 2개 과제 : 통합형 1문제 : 토론형 1문제	- 독립형 1문제	- 독립형 1문제(선택)
Writing	시간	50분	30분	30분

playlist_add_check iBT, CBT, PBT 점수 비교

iBT TOEFL	CBT TOEFL	PBT TOEFL	TOEIC
117 ~ 120	287 ~ 300	660 ~ 677	980 ~ 990
112 ~ 117	273 ~ 287	640 ~ 660	950 ~ 975
102 ~ 112	253 ~ 273	607 ~ 640	910 ~ 945
99 ~ 102	247 ~ 253	597 ~ 607	875 ~ 905
93 ~ 99	237 ~ 247	580 ~ 597	835 ~ 870
85 ~ 93	223 ~ 237	563 ~ 580	790 ~ 830
80 ~ 85	213 ~ 223	550 ~ 563	750 ~ 785
76 ~ 80	207 ~ 213	207 ~ 550	705 ~ 745
70 ~ 76	193 ~ 207	523 ~ 207	650 ~ 700
63 ~ 70	177 ~ 193	503 ~ 523	600 ~ 645
58 ~ 63	167 ~ 177	493 ~ 503	545 ~ 595
57 ~ 58	163 ~ 167	490 ~ 493	490 ~ 540

playlist_add_check iBT 한중일 토플 성적 비교

연도	국가	응시횟수	Reading	Listening	Speaking	Writing	Total
2015	한국	-	22	21	20	21	83
	중국	-	20	18	19	20	78
	일본	-	18	17	17	18	71
2013	한국	-	22	21	21	22	85
	중국	-	20	18	19	20	77
	일본	-	18	17	17	18	70
2008.2 - 2008.12	한국	-	20	19	18	20	78
	중국	-	20	18	18	20	76
	일본	-	16	16	15	18	65
2007.2 - 2007.12	한국	-	20	20	18	20	77
	중국	-	21	19	18	20	78
	일본	-	16	16	16	18	66
2005.7 - 2006.6	한국	52,506	17	19	17	19	72
	중국	45,355	19	19	18	20	75
	일본	60,144	15	17	15	17	65

playlist_add_check CBT 한중일 토플 성적 비교

연도	국가	응시횟수	Listening	Str/Writing	Reading	Total
2005.7 - 2006.6	한국	130,316	21	22	23	217
	중국	48,443	20	22	22	210
	일본	78,255	18	19	20	191
2004.7 - 2005.6	한국	106,244	21	21	22	214
	중국	52,772	20	22	21	211
	일본	82,235	18	19	20	191
2003.7 - 2004.6	한국	89,424	20	21	22	211
	중국	51,783	20	22	21	210
	일본	83,127	18	19	20	190
2002.7 - 2003.6	한국	89,949	20	21	22	208
	중국	61,456	20	21	21	208
	일본	81,146	18	19	20	188
2001.7 - 2002.6	한국	76,541	19	21	22	205
	중국	58,772	20	21	21	207
	일본	83,357	18	19	19	186
2000.7 - 2001.6	한국	52,506	19	20	21	201
	중국	45,355	19	21	21	204
	일본	60,144	17	17	19	184